As the COVID-19 pandemic marks its fifth year, many people who’ve recovered from the virus continue to suffer from lingering symptoms known as “Long COVID”. This condition affects a significant portion of people who had moderate or severe COVID-19 infections, with people reporting symptoms persisting for months or even years after the initial infection.
Main Symptoms of Long COVID
The symptoms of long COVID vary widely and can affect multiple organ systems. Among the most common and persistent are neurological symptoms, including brain fog, difficulty concentrating, and memory problems, which can severely impair cognitive function and hinder work and daily activities. These cognitive issues are often described as “mental fatigue” or “cloudy thinking” and are a central complaint among long COVID patients.
Fatigue is another symptom, often reported as severe & debilitating. This fatigue is not simply tiredness but a deep, persistent exhaustion that does not improve with rest. Patients often struggle with even basic tasks due to this overwhelming tiredness.
In addition to fatigue, individuals with long COVID often experience musculoskeletal pain, including joint pain and muscle aches. This, coupled with chronic headaches and dizziness, can contribute to a significant decline in quality of life. Some patients also report shortness of breath and ongoing respiratory issues, even long after the acute phase of infection has passed.
Functional Changes
Sometimes Long COVID can cause functional changes in individuals’ ability to carry out everyday tasks. Many have difficulty returning to work or normal activities due to the persistent physical and cognitive symptoms. Exhaustion and pain often require modifications to their daily routines, and some individuals may need to reduce working hours or rely on help for tasks they once performed independently.
Mental Health Impact
The ongoing nature of long COVID can contribute to mental health challenges. Anxiety and depression have been reported by long COVID patients, possibly due to the frustration of living with an uncertain and often misunderstood condition. The burden of prolonged illness, combined with the uncertainty about recovery, worsens emotional and psychological stress.
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Treatment
Physical rehabilitation like exercise and activity management helps some patients alleviate fatigue and improve physical function. Some clinicians are using medications targeting specific symptoms, such as low-dose naltrexone for pain and inflammation, are under investigation for their potential benefits.
Management of long COVID also includes psychological therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy, ‘acceptance and commitment therapy’, group therapy, and peer support.
