New national data from the CDC and National Center for Health Statistics has revealed a 24% decline in opioid drug overdose deaths in the last 12 months compared with the previous 12. The biggest decline was among those 18-44 years old.
NCHS: Vital Statistics Rapid Release – Provisional Drug Overdose Data
Fatal fentanyl overdoses are down in every state : NPR
CDC Reports Nearly 24% Decline in U.S. Drug Overdose Deaths | CDC
So, what’s behind this encouraging trend? Several key factors appear to be driving the decrease in fatalities, and it’s worth taking a closer look at these interventions that are making a tangible difference in people’s lives.
Widespread Naloxone Distribution
One of the most impactful public health interventions has been making naloxone (the fast-acting reversal drug) much easier to get and afford – allowing bystanders access to the reversal drug. Thanks to widespread, data-driven distribution efforts and investments by state, county and local jurisdictions in naloxone their opioid settlement and other COVID relief funds.
First responders, community organizations, and people in high-risk environments and social groups are equipped with this vital quick reversal medication – and are increasingly using the reversal drug. Wider availability of fentanyl test strips may also be playing a role in the decline.
Naloxone is available for purchase in Arizona at local pharmacies without a prescription thanks to a bill from the state legislature a couple years ago. Benchmark price is between $75 and $80 per dose.
I’m not aware of surveillance data that collects the prevalence of naloxone use in the field, however. Anecdotally I’ve heard that some Arizona high school staff have used the drug to quickly reverse overdoses in schools – but like I said I don’t think there’s good data on how often it’s being used.
Better Access to Treatment
Another major factor contributing to the decline in overdose deaths is increased access to evidence-based treatment for substance use disorders. The opioid settlement funds have played an important role in funding local and national initiatives that improve treatment availability, ensuring that individuals struggling with opioid addiction have the support they need. Medications like methadone and buprenorphine, combined with counseling and other treatment modalities, continue to provide a comprehensive approach to recovery.
Shifts in the Drug Supply
While fentanyl continues to be a dominant threat in the illegal drug market, shifts in the drug supply itself may be contributing to the decline in overdose deaths. Anecdotally, there has been a shift towards a more varied and, in some cases, less potent illegal drug supply. However, the prevalence of fentanyl is still a major challenge, requiring constant vigilance.
Other Factors?
Some experts suggest that another factor may be that the people most susceptible to opioid addiction and the use of illicit fentanyl already died in the now more than 15-year epidemic, leading to a natural reduction in overdose deaths.
Opioid Overdose Deaths Decline: A Turning Point Fueled by Harm Reduction & Settlements?
Summary
Despite the progress, overdose is still the leading cause of death for young adults in the U.S., and some states, including Alaska and Nevada, are still having increases in overdose deaths.
While the opioid crisis is far from over, the recent drop in overdose deaths is a testament to the power of effective, multi-faceted public health strategies. By ensuring that naloxone is available, expanding treatment options, and continuing to adapt to the changing drug landscape, we are slowly turning the tide against the opioid epidemic. But there’s still much more to do to keep the momentum going and save even more lives.
