Empowering County Health Departments to Properly Use AI: The NACo AI Leadership Academy

Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize public health practice. For county health departments, using AI can lead to more efficient operations, better decision-making, and improved health outcomes.

However, to harness AI’s full potential, public health practitioners need to understand how to effectively implement these tools. That’s where the National Association of Counties (NACo) Artificial Intelligence (AI) Leadership Academy comes into play.

NACo Artificial Intelligence (AI) Leadership Academy | National Association of Counties

The NACo AI Leadership Academy is a fully online, six-week program designed to equip county government leaders with the knowledge and tools to understand and use AI effectively.

The curriculum includes insights from experienced government leaders, industry experts, and academics, focusing on:

  • Understanding the power and potential of AI.
  • Mitigating risks associated with AI implementation.
  • Navigating the complexities of change brought about by AI advancements.

The first cohort of 2025 begins on January 27. This presents a timely opportunity for county health managers to encourage key staff members to enroll and gain essential AI competencies. By enrolling in the NACo AI Leadership Academy, your team will:

  • Enhance Leadership Skills: Learn practical cases, frameworks, and tools to lead with AI for good governance.
  • Improve Operational Efficiency: Discover how to use AI to streamline processes and reduce workload.
  • Stay Ahead of the Curve: Equip your department with the latest knowledge to navigate the evolving landscape of public health.

Given the rapid advancements in AI and its growing role in public health, it’s important for county health departments to build internal expertise. Encouraging your staff to take part in the NACo AI Leadership Academy is a proactive step toward enhancing your department’s capabilities.

Don’t miss the opportunity to be part of the inaugural cohort starting January 27. For more information and to enroll, visit the NACo AI Leadership Academy page: NACo Artificial Intelligence (AI) Leadership Academy | National Association of Counties

Embrace the future of public health by empowering your team with the skills and knowledge to use AI effectively

New Threat to Public Health: Preventive Care on the Chopping Block

The Affordable Care Act is often thought of as a tool to just make health insurance more accessible and affordable. But it’s a lot more than that.

There are lots of things in the Act about health insurance coverage (and hospital reimbursements) to keep people healthier (and less expensive).

One cornerstone of the ACA is its requirement that health insurance plans cover a range of preventive services without any patient co-pays… services like screenings, immunizations, behavioral counseling, and medications designed to catch or prevent diseases early—before they become costly and life-threatening.

The preventive services that private plans and Medicaid expansion programs must cover are based on those that have an A or B level recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and vaccines recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.

Those task forces use rigorous criteria to make sure all of their recommendations are evidence based. The US Supreme Court has now accepted a case that threatens to overturn this important coverage requirement.

A and B Recommendations | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

Those recommendations are grounded in rigorous, evidence-based research.

But now, this foundation of public health and cost control is under threat. Last week the U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear Braidwood Management Inc. v. Becerra, a case that could strike down the ACA’s preventive care coverage requirements.

If the Court overturns these provisions, the consequences for public health could be expensive in more ways than one.

Without guaranteed coverage without a co-pay many people will skip screenings, vaccines, or preventive medications because of the co-pay… leading more undiagnosed cancers (or later, deadlier diagnoses), untreated chronic diseases, and preventable infections—all of which would result in higher rates of hospitalizations and emergency treatments.

Explaining Litigation Challenging the ACA’s Preventive Services Requirements: Braidwood Management Inc. v. Becerra | KFF

The ripple effects would be felt across the health care system, driving up costs for insurers, employers, and taxpayers alike.

Preventive services aren’t just a public health priority—they’re a financial one. By catching diseases early or preventing them entirely, these services save money in the long run.

For example, a colonoscopy that detects and removes precancerous polyps is far cheaper than chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer.

Overturning these provisions would disproportionately harm low-income individuals and communities of color, worsening health inequities.

This isn’t just about insurance coverage—it’s about maintaining a healthier, more equitable, and cost-effective health care system.

The Supreme Court’s decision will shape the future of public health. Let’s hope they choose to uphold the ACA’s preventive care protections—for the health of individuals, families, and the entire nation.

Sadly, I’m not optimistic.

The new administration’s Solicitor General may not even defend the lawsuit, or if she or he does, they might do a bad job on purpose

Legislative Session Update: January 18, 2025

The Legislative Session officially began last week. The main activities have been legislators putting the final touches on their proposed bills and accumulating cosponsors. The major committees didn’t meet last week – including the House and Senate Health Committees.

House and Senate Health Committees aren’t really meeting next week (well the Senate is but just two minor bills on the agenda). In the coming weeks the House Health meetings Mondays at 2pm with Senate Health meeting on Wednesdays at 9am.

Below are the bills related to public health so far. There are undoubtedly some I’ve missed (they are being posted at a fast and furious rate) – but we will catch up. Where you see a YES or NO that means we signed up in RTS for or against the bill.

Here’s a link to our short committee meeting at 2pm this afternoon: https://us06web.zoom.us/j/84425365182 

 

Bills So Far:

House

HB2001 behavioral health; temporary licensure; graduates YES

HB2012 emergency use products; employers; prohibition

HB2022 school safety; employee certification; policies NO

HB2055 immunizations; requirements; exemption NO

HB2057 parental rights; medical records

HB2058 school immunizations; exemption; adult students

HB2062 sex-based terms; laws; rules; regulations

HB2063 parental notification; school immunization exemptions

HB2125 insurance coverage; hearing aids; children YES

HB2130 claims; prior authorization; denials; contact YES

HB2145 registered sanitarians; qualifications YES

HB2159 prohibited weapon; bump-fire device; accessory YES

HB2165 SNAP; prohibited purchases; waiver YES

HB2175 claims; prior authorization; conduct YES

HB2211 severe threat order of protection YES

HB2214 failure to secure weapon; minor YES

HB2250 AHCCCS; preventative dental care YES

HB2276 legislative ratification; rulemaking; regulatory costs NO

HB2293 tobacco products; vaping; minimum age YES

HB2309 vacation rentals; short-term rentals; restrictions

HB2619 assault weapons; magazines; prohibition; registration YES

HB2620 firearm sales; permit verification; requirements YES

HB2621 firearm sales; transfers; background checks YES

 

Senate

SB1019 photo enforcement systems; prohibition NO

SB1020 disruption; educational institution; concealed weapon NO

SB1043 homeless shelter services fund; appropriation YES

SB1044 secure behavioral health facilities YES

SB1045 secure behavioral health facilities; appropriations YES

SB1046 mental illness; prisoners; diagnosis; treatment YES

SB1125 psychologists; prescribing authority YES

Pioneering Reentry Care: Arizona’s Evidence-Based Step to Improve Health for Incarcerated People Just Prior to Release

Arizona is taking a groundbreaking step to address the health care needs of incarcerated individuals reentering their communities. Thanks to the efforts of Governor Katie Hobbs, AHCCCS Director Carmen Heredia, and their dedicated teams, Arizona’s Medicaid program (AHCCCS) has received federal approval to implement an innovative, evidence-based system designed to improve health care access during this critical transition.

Reentry Interventions that Address Substance Use: A Systematic Review – PMC

This new initiative addresses a long-overlooked gap in health care, ensuring that individuals leaving correctional facilities receive the medical support they need to rebuild their lives. The program includes several key components that could transform reentry health care in Arizona:

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Substance Use Disorders

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common among incarcerated individuals, and untreated SUDs significantly increase the risk of overdose and recidivism after release. AHCCCS’ plan ensures that individuals can access MAT for all types of SUDs, combining medications with counseling and behavioral therapies. Research consistently shows that MAT is one of the most effective treatments for SUDs, significantly reducing relapse rates and improving long-term outcomes.

A study published in Health Affairs underscores the importance of this approach, noting that expanding access to MAT for justice-involved populations reduces overdose deaths and improves public health outcomes. By making MAT accessible immediately upon release, Arizona is leading the charge in implementing evidence-based solutions to one of the most pressing public health challenges of our time.

30-Day Prescription Supply Upon Release

Another critical feature of the AHCCCS program is ensuring that individuals leave correctional facilities with a 30-day supply of all prescribed medications. This provision addresses a common and dangerous gap in care: the abrupt discontinuation of necessary medications.

Whether it’s managing chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension, treating mental health disorders, or continuing MAT for SUDs, this policy ensures continuity of care during a vulnerable period. It’s a straightforward yet transformative measure that demonstrates Arizona’s commitment to improving health outcomes for all residents.

Access to Practitioner Office Visits

The program also includes comprehensive coverage for practitioner visits upon release. These visits could include physical exams, wellness checks, mental health counseling, or substance use disorder treatment. This approach ensures that individuals can quickly connect with medical professionals to address urgent health needs, manage ongoing conditions, and establish long-term care plans.

A Model for the Nation?

Arizona’s proposal is more than just a policy; it’s a blueprint for how states can address the health care needs of justice-involved populations. Studies show that providing access to health care during reentry improves health outcomes, reduces recidivism, and ultimately lowers costs for taxpayers.

This initiative is a testament to the leadership of Governor Hobbs and Director Heredia. Their commitment to evidence-based policymaking and their recognition of the human dignity of all Arizonans are commendable. They’ve set a high bar for what compassionate, innovative governance can achieve.

A Healthier Future for Arizona

By addressing the health care needs of incarcerated individuals reentering society, Arizona is paving the way for healthier communities and safer neighborhoods. This program recognizes that health care is a right, not a privilege, and that everyone deserves a chance to succeed.

Kudos to AHCCCS and its partners for this bold, forward-thinking initiative. Let’s hope other states follow Arizona’s lead in transforming reentry health care.

Next Steps

Next steps: AHCCCS is working on their implementation plan (due in late April) and will eventually need legislative approval of their plan.

ADHS Releases New State Health Assessment

ADHS is excited to share the New State Health Assessment is now available on this ADHS website.

This important document provides an in-depth look at the state of health in Arizona, combining data-driven insights with community feedback to ensure that our public health efforts align with the diverse needs of our residents. The SHA celebrates our achievements and addresses our challenges and serves as the catalyst for our future AzHIP efforts.

If you would like a presentation of the latest SHA data for your organization or community please reach out via this google form. We will be presenting the data through February 2025. Thereafter we hope to begin the Arizona Health Improvement Plan Priority Area conversation for AzHIP2026-2030.

Vitalyst Health Foundation & TAPAZ to Administer the Marijuana Justice Reinvestment Fund

Arizona voters approved the voter initiative that made retail marijuana available back in 2020. Embedded in the Act was an excise tax on marijuana, part of which goes into a “Justice Reinvestment Fund” to address substance use and mental health issues that often contribute to incarceration.

The Arizona Department of Health Services receives and has been administering the fund. These funds are allocated to local health departments, community organizations, and service providers to support evidence-based interventions that reduce recidivism and promote public health.

Last week the Vitalyst Health Foundation & TAPAZ were selected by ADHS to manage the Justice Reinvestment Fund.  Over the next 5 years they’ll be reviewing proposals and making grants to the tune of about $10M throughout the state in four priority areas:

  • Substance use prevention and treatment and early intervention services
  • Restorative justice, jail diversion & workforce development for persons in communities disproportionately impacted by higher rates of arrest and incarceration.
  • Addressing the underlying causes of crime, reducing drug-related arrests, and reducing the prison population
  • Creating or developing technology and programs to assist with the restoration of civil rights and the expungement of criminal records

Vitalyst/TAPAZ is very experienced at evaluating and awarding grants of all sizes – from Spark grants to System Change grants and will use their existing grant management system to receive, evaluate and award proposals.  Vitalyst and their partner TAPAZ also have staff experienced in evaluation to evaluate performance once work begins.

Good choice by Team ADHS.

HMPV: The Respiratory Virus You’ve Probably Never Heard Of

When it comes to respiratory viruses, names like RSV, flu, and COVID-19 often dominate the headlines and conversations among public health folks. But there’s seasonal respiratory virus that deserves attention: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV).

About Human Metapneumovirus | CDC

While it’s been circulating in the U.S. for decades, it hasn’t received the same spotlight as its viral cousins. Let’s break down what HMPV is, who’s most at risk, and how you can protect yourself and your loved ones.

What Is HMPV?

HMPV is a respiratory virus that’s part of the same family as RSV. It spreads through respiratory droplets, close contact, and touching contaminated surfaces.

Most people recover without issue, but for some, it can lead to severe complications like bronchitis or pneumonia. Unlike its sister virus RSV, there is no vaccine for HMPV.

Who’s Most at Risk?

Certain groups are more vulnerable to severe outcomes from HMPV:

  • Young children, especially those under 2 years old.
  • Older adults, particularly those over 65.
  • People with weakened immune systems or chronic conditions like asthma or COPD.
What Are the Symptoms?

HMPV symptoms can range from mild to severe and often resemble a cold or flu:

  • Cough
  • Fever
  • Lots of nasal congestion
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing

For some, especially those in high-risk groups, these symptoms can escalate, leading to hospitalizations.

How Can You Prevent It?

The same precautions we take for other respiratory viruses apply to HMPV:

  • Wash your hands often with soap and water.
  • Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth.
  • Stay home if you’re feeling sick.
  • Clean and disinfect commonly touched surfaces.
Tracking Respiratory Viruses in Real Time

HMPV doesn’t have to be reported by the ADHS but that doesn’t mean we can’t monitor the spread of the virus.

Anybody can learn about the trends of how HMPV (and other respiratory viruses) are spreading in the US or regionally using the National Respiratory Virus Interactive Dashboard.

I ran the query just now and our Region of the US is currently in the middle of a big spike in HMPV infections. If you or someone you know has had a really bad cold that’s hung on for longer than normal – there’s a decent chance it was (is) HMPV rather than a run-of-the-mill cold.

The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System uses data from participating U.S. laboratories who voluntarily report weekly to CDC. They also report the specimen type, location, and week of collection. NREVSS has the most timely data to monitor viral seasons and circulation patterns.

The Bottom Line

While HMPV isn’t currently filling up emergency departments or rifling through assisted living centers as far as we know – it’s worth keeping on your public health radar—especially if you or your loved ones fall into a high-risk group.

Express Your Opinions about Bills this Session on AZLEG.gov: Here’s How

The Arizona State Legislature uses the ‘Request to Speak’ (RTS) system facilitate tracking of bills proposed and allowing the public to register an opinion on bills and to request to speak on a bill in a committee.

How to register your opinion at the Arizona State Capitol – via the AZ Mirror

It replaces the old slips of paper used back in the day and lets the committee chairperson know you want to speak to the committee. Under the old paper system, you could only sign in to speak or register an opinion if you were physically at the capitol.

After the initial setup at a kiosk located in the House or Senate, the RTS program allows you to participate from your home or office. When the committee is in session, the committee members and the public will see a list of names of people who have registered an opinion.

It also shows whether you want to speak or not, who you represent. You can also leave more detailed comments or links to resources in comment boxes. This information is also available if a person searches past committee agendas. Legislators, journalists and the public will see your bill position throughout the process.

A catch is that you’re required to come to the capitol the first time you use the RTS system. When you come to the Capitol, you create an account and sign in on one of the Kiosks in either the House or Senate.

If you create an account at home, you’ll only be able to use the Bill Status Inquiry application to track activity on a bill, not register an opinion or create a request to speak until you come to the capitol and sign in on one of the Kiosks here.

Here’s a quick tutorial summarizing how to get set up and use Arizona’s RTS system: Using the Request to Speak Program

Using RTS has a bit of a learning curve, but if I can become proficient at using it- anybody can!

 

PS: Below is a list of some public health related bills so far. The YES or NO after the bill reflects AZPHA’s position. Positions on the others is TBD. This list will grow substantially by this time next week:

House

HB2001 behavioral health; temporary licensure; graduates YES

HB2012 emergency use products; employers; prohibition

HB2051 governor; question time 
HB2055 immunizations; requirements; exemption NO

HB2057 parental rights; medical records

HB2058 school immunizations; exemption; adult students

HB2062 sex-based terms; laws; rules; regulations

HB2063 parental notification; school immunization exemptions

Senate

SB1019 photo enforcement systems; prohibition NO

SB1020 disruption; educational institution; concealed weapon NO

SB1043 homeless shelter services fund; appropriation YES

SB1044 secure behavioral health facilities YES

SB1045 secure behavioral health facilities; appropriations YES

SB1046 mental illness; prisoners; diagnosis; treatment YES

Arizona Grant Inventory (compiled by Vitalyst Health Foundation)

January 9th: Regional Infrastructure Accelerator Program

Due January 10th: Farm to School Implementation Grant

Due January 10th: Grants to Support Public Libraries

Due January 13th: Agriculture Conservation Experienced Services Program

Due January 13th: Building Capacity for Small Organizations To Engage in Patient-Centered Comparative Clinical Effectiveness Research

NEW Due January 15th: 2025 Cucalorus Works-in-Progress Lab (Social justice documentaries with a focus on Black storytelling)

Due January 15th: Journey for Good Grants (food, workforce, education, and veterans)

NEW Due January 17th: Aunt Rita’s Foundation Partner Agency Grant (HIV/AIDS)

Due January 17th: Northern Arizona Good Jobs Network

Due January 23rd: AmeriCorps State and National Competitive Grants

Due January 23rd: Tribal Clean Energy Planning and Development

Due January 25th: Maternal and Child Health Secondary Data Analysis Research

NEW Due January 27th: Rural Health Care Services Outreach Program

Due January 30th: National Infrastructure Investments

Due January 31st: Bloomberg Philanthropies – Asphalt Art Initiative

NEW Due February 2nd: Gilbert Annual Nonprofit Support

NEW Due February 4th: Next Level Now Technical Assistance Collaborative (Public Workforce)

NEW Due February 10th (opens January 13th): FORGE Grant (Racial & Gender Equity)

Due February 21st: Strategic Prevention Framework – Partnerships for Success for Communities

Addressing Firearm Violence in Arizona: A Public Health Perspective

Guest blog from AZPHA Member RJ Shannon

RJ Shannon of Phoenix, Arizona is this ...

In the last few days including Thursday, November 28th there have been a rash of shootings all over the valley including smaller Arizona towns. We can no longer ignore the effects of this form of violence and the impact on our shared communities.

Since the Republican legislature and Governor Brewer passed and signed legislation that banned law enforcement agencies across the state from destroying firearms in 2013, according to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, there has been a 43% increase in firearm injuries and deaths in Arizona.

Every law enforcement agency must resell confiscated firearms back into our communities through a licensed broker, but after that, the trail may end, creating a proliferation of guns that are easily attainable.

The owner does not have to register these firearms nor face liability should an incident take place. Law enforcement agencies across Maricopa County and all other Arizona counties are seeing more risk to their officers along with the dire consequences of firearm threats and in many cases officer involved shootings.

Sadly, many of these shootings happen because of perceived threats when the threat is not visible but assumed. Too many times, the communities most affected by these misconceptions and biases are communities of color – Black, Brown, and Indigenous; folks experiencing mental health episodes and others unlucky enough to be in the wrong place at the wrong time – leaving injuries and deaths in their wake.

Lawsuits do not bring back the dead and may even help with the enormous treatment bills awaiting those who survive, but in the end, we all pay the price.

In a state like ours, it is impossible to know who is legally carrying concealed and who is not, and for the sake of the potential victim or survivor we should always know. To be clear, Arizona is NOT plagued by the irresponsible behaviors of responsible gun owners, but by those newer owners for whom there is no record of ownership or safety training.

Firearm regulation is necessary just as the authors of the US Constitution stated. ALL owners should register through a state-wide/Federal databank; ALL gun owners should purchase insurance and a license to carry concealed firearms.

ALL firearm owners should undergo safety training that offers secured storage recommendations with devices either donated or sold so that the incidents of unintentional/intentional and suicide injuries and deaths are more easily preventable. And ALL gun owners should face the same penalties for neglect leading to intentional or non-intentional injuries or deaths to others.

City councils, County Supervisors, school boards and State leadership along with concerned residents and stakeholders should determine zoning designations for locations where firearms are sold, so that they are not purchased from commercial or individual sellers anywhere close to schools, homes, and other sites where vulnerable persons may be present.

Arizona spent an outstanding sum of taxpayers’ dollars and employee hours determining the safest places to sell medical marijuana to protect the health and welfare of Arizona’s families. We must use the same reasoning regarding how, when and where firearms are sold and used. Arizona’s communities pay too high a price for our firearm associated injuries and deaths to ignore how firearms filter into our communities.

Finally, we invite businesses that rely on the sale and usage of firearms and gun owners to be partners in the prevention of unintentional injuries and increased suicides by guns that we experience among Arizona’s oldest and youngest community members.

It was not that long ago when Arizona law stipulated that any gun owner desiring to carry concealed had to take a safety class offered by the State with minimal payment by the owner. Sadly, the Arizona State Legislature overturned a terrific mandate. Together we must meet collaboratively to find the best way for your businesses to aid in saving lives while offering your expertise and sage advice to new firearm owners on how to use their firearms safely.

I am not naïve and recognize that these relationships between more experienced and less experienced owners have historically forged mentoring relationships, but not in a systemic and state funded way.

If the state wants to continue identifying as a 2nd amendment entity, there is nothing that precludes them from passing gun sense laws supporting the safety of all gun owners, their families, and communities – thereby indirectly adding protections that significantly protects all our lives.

Firearm injuries and deaths are not only a law enforcement issue, but more so, a major public health priority. Firearm injuries are the 2nd leading cause of death for Arizona’s children and teens. Firearm deaths are the number one cause of death for children and teens nationwide and there is no reason to believe that it will not soon be the case for Arizona’s children if things do not change.

According to the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and the CDC, in 2022, Arizona had the 12th highest gun death rate in the US. In 2021, suspects used firearms in 128 domestic violence homicides. On Thanksgiving night this year (Thanksgiving Day, 2024) a man shot and killed his son in Phoenix during a domestic dispute. Arizona, haven’t you had enough, yet?

These injuries and deaths are almost 100% preventable when owners secure their firearms, ownership is identified & registered, the purchaser is mandated to take safety training, insurance is imposed (you know, like we do with cars???) along with strict age restrictions and provisions for requiring individual and family safety assessments.

When children and others find unsecured weapons and either harm themselves or others as a result, the owners must be held accountable. The responsibility lies with the owner and not the person who finds an unsecured firearm in the home or vehicle.

The Arizona Child Fatality Review Program recently cited that the leading risk factors of Firearm Injury deaths for children and teens are the following: Access to firearms = 100%; Firearm not stored properly = 66%; CPS History with Family = 63%, Substance use = 53%. Criminal Act = 27%, which when identified and assessed for gun ownership and safety measures, were considered almost 100% firearm injury preventable.

According to Channel 12 news, Maricopa County school campuses found more than 100 guns and received numerous threats since 2019. It turns out that it is not a statistic that Arizona tracks and for which the State of Arizona’s Department of Education takes no responsibility believing that it is the community’s responsibilities to pursue these issues.

Parents, if they won’t do something, then we must! If Arizona adopted all or some of the recommendations, responsible gun ownership would increase to support those firearm- owning Arizonans who are already responsible to themselves, their families, and their communities.

These recommendations are only the first steps, but Arizona needs to begin again somewhere. It is past the time to look at who we are but now deciding who we want to be. For some reason, we have determined that it is all right to declare war on ourselves. How about we lead the way towards community peace and reconciliation through a public health and safety lens that supports all of us, our families, and our communities? Just sayin’…

RJ Shannon has advocated for non-violence strategies and firearm safety for 30+ years. You can join her & Moms Demand Action by texting 644-33.